Recovering value from\u00a0food waste \u2013 food that gets thrown away\u00a0either before or after it spoils \u2013 is no longer an unrealistic idea conceived by wistful entrepreneurs and perpetuated by academia. As a society, we have the know-how to extract value from food waste to feed people, animals and soil right here in our communities. What we don\u2019t know is how to marry political will and industry incentive to provide a sound policy framework for this emerging industry.<\/p>\n
Late last year, the San Diego City Council approved revisions to the\u00a0San Diego municipal code\u2019s recycling ordinance. The revisions, set to go into effect July 1, are designed to provide funding for the city\u2019s Zero Waste Plan and require that food waste can only be collected and transported by companies that are licensed by the city as franchised haulers.<\/p>\n
This franchise requirement would\u00a0shut down small-scale food waste recycling enterprises\u00a0at a time when San Diego\u2019s residents and restaurants are screaming for options to divert\u00a0food waste from ending up in landfills.<\/p>\n
Until a few years ago, San Diego had one or two options to recycle food waste. A business located within the city of San Diego could get on a waitlist to participate in Miramar Greenery\u2019s composting program. That program is currently running at full capacity and is not accepting new participants. The second option for businesses in the city \u2013 and the only option for businesses in all other jurisdictions of San Diego County \u2013 was to compost on site \u2013 which, for many food service businesses, wasn\u2019t an option at all since composting can be complicated and requires lots of time and space. While many individuals and community groups attempted to fill the gap, local regulations and exclusive contracts with haulers made the market practically inaccessible to innovators.<\/p>\n
In 2015, the nonprofit I run,\u00a0Inika Small Earth, incubated a social enterprise called\u00a0Food2Soil. Food2Soil operates as a collective of community gardens, chefs and soil growers who want to manage their food scraps responsibly and resourcefully. By creating hyper-local loops, Food2Soil connects restaurants with their nearest community garden. A\u00a0soil grower\u00a0facilitates the transformation of scraps into compost. Food2Soil is funded through the fees paid by participating restaurants and\u00a0sales of the finished compost. Entities like Food2Soil are not so much a waste diversion approach as they are a resource recovery approach. By sourcing select streams of clean vegetative scraps, Food2Soil makes compost that is teeming with beneficial microbes.<\/p>\n
Under the city\u2019s new revisions to its municipal code, Food2Soil and other small businesses that do similar work would not be able to charge restaurants a fee for collecting and recycling food scraps; essentially choking a vital revenue stream and forcing these businesses to close.<\/p>\n
CalRecycle, the department that oversees California\u2019s waste management programs, already exempts composting activities less than or equal to 100 cubic yards from permit requirements. In spite of this, community-scale composters all over the state face an avalanche of barriers from local municipal codes and exclusive contracts between cities and waste haulers. Fees collected from the hauling industry on traditional waste collection and transportation provides funding for recycling programs run by local governments. Opening up the marketplace to non-haulers like Food2Soil not only impacts the hauling industry, but also the waste and recycling budgets of local governments.<\/p>\n