A new phase of Vermont鈥檚 Act 148, the universal recycling law, goes into effect on July 1. Starting July 1, transfer stations must offer food scrap collection, gearing up for July 1, 2020, when food scraps will be banned from landfills in Vermont. Residents will also see changes in public garbage receptacles and in how recyclables are collected at transfer stations.
Act 148 has been rolled out in phases since 2014, when transfer stations were required to begin accepting recyclables at no extra charge. At that time, the biggest food scrap generators in the state, those that generated 104 tons per year (two tons per week) were required to separate out food scraps.
鈥淭hat may have included hospitals or colleges,鈥� says Windham Solid Waste Management District Program Director Kristen Benoit. From there, the threshold for requirements went down each year. On July 1, the threshold becomes 18 tons per year or 1/3 ton per week. 鈥淪o that may include a larger restaurant,鈥� says Benoit.
On July 1, 2020, the diminishing thresholds will be completed and all food scraps, including those from residents, will be banned from Vermont鈥檚 landfills, meaning residents will be required to separate food scraps out of their trash. To prepare for that date, transfer stations must begin offering food scrap collection this July. 鈥淲hich means people will have the opportunity to bring food scraps to the transfer station, drastically reducing their trash,鈥� says Benoit. 鈥淎pproximately 30% of trash is made up of organics.鈥�
Those who hire a private company to pick up their trash and recycling curbside will also see changes, but not immediately. Originally, private haulers were to be required to start offering a service for curbside food scrap pickup this July. 鈥淏ut the state has pushed back the requirement to offer residential collection until July 2018,鈥� says Trevor Manse, owner of TAM Waste Management.
Manse says the 2020 date is the hard line for residents, but that with transfer stations accepting food scraps now, there is a great opportunity for those who want to start now. 鈥淭here were people who wanted to do it before,鈥� says Manse. 鈥淏ut we couldn鈥檛 justify traveling over the mountain to pick up food scraps from one business or person. We need to be cautious of driving too many miles out of the way to pick up food waste, because the environmental impact is higher to pick it up. So some pragmatism does need to be applied.鈥�
Merrill Mundell, who serves as Wilmington鈥檚 representative on the Windham Solid Waste Management District Board, says he expects that there will be some growing pains for individuals. 鈥淧eople aren鈥檛 immediately going to transition to food scrap recycling,鈥� says Mundell. 鈥淚t鈥檚 a bit onerous. But I think it will happen with time.鈥�
Mundell says that the impact of the new law may be felt the strongest at restaurants, which will be required to separate out food scraps sooner than residents. 鈥淭hey鈥檙e going to have to get into gear and probably do things differently than they鈥檝e ever done them before,鈥� says Mundell. 鈥淭here鈥檚 no question in my mind that some are going to find it very difficult.鈥�
Mundell says that people will start to notice changes around town, such as more options at trash cans. 鈥淎nywhere that has a trash container for the public to use now has to have more containers out for recycling,鈥� says Mundell. 鈥淭here should be three containers at each spot 鈥� one for landfill, one for recycling, and one for food scraps. And there will be instructions on what to do.鈥�
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